Article 45. Third Parties who do not Make Independent Claims regarding the Subject of the Dispute

Third parties who do not make independent claims regarding the subject of the dispute may enter the case on the side of the applicant or the defendant before the decision of the first instance court is made, if it can affect their rights or obligations regarding relation to one of the parties. They can also be involved in the case at the request of a party or at the initiative of the court.

Third parties who do not make independent claims regarding the subject of the stated claim enjoy procedural rights and bear procedural responsibilities of the party, with the exception of the right to change the basis or subject of the stated claim, waiver of the claim, recognition of the claim or conclusion of a settlement agreement, demand for the forced execution of a judicial act.

A determination shall be issued on the involvement of a third party who does not make independent claims regarding the subject of the dispute to participate in the case or to refuse to do so.

In the event that a third party, who does not make independent claims regarding the subject of the dispute, entered the case after the start of the trial, the case shall be considered from the beginning.