Article 307. Affiliated individuals

Affiliated individuals are individuals who meet at least one of the following characteristics:

one of the transaction parties (individual) or an official of one of the transaction parties is at the same time an official of the other party to a transaction;

if the parties to the transaction are legally recognized business partners;

one of the transaction parties (individual) is bound by labor relations with the other transaction party;

one of the transaction parties is the owner of contribution (share) or the owner of shares constituting at least five percent of the authorized fund (authorized capital) with the right to vote in the authorized fund (authorized capital) of the other party to the transaction;

both transaction parties are directly or indirectly controlled by a third party;

transaction parties directly or indirectly control a third party;

one transaction party and (or) its official directly or indirectly controls the other transaction party;

transaction parties and (or) their officials are relatives.

Authorized persons who are parties to contractual relations, carry out activities for the purpose of making a profit, and jointly bear all expenses and losses in the course of such activities shall be considered legally recognized business partners. If one of such persons is the sole agent, sole distributor, or sole concessionaire of the other, they shall be deemed to be related for the purposes of this Article.

A person shall be considered to control another person when the former is legally or practically in a position to exercise constraint or direction over the latter.