Article 12. Free reproduction and adaptation of computer programmes or databases

A person who legally owns a copy of a computer programme or database shall have the right, without obtaining additional permission from the right holder, to perform any actions related to the functioning of the computer programme or database in accordance with its purpose, including recording and storage in the computer memory, as well as correction of obvious errors. Recording and storage in the computer memory shall be allowed with respect to one computer or one user in a network, unless otherwise provided for in the contract with the right holder.

A person who legally owns a copy of a computer programme or database may, without the consent of the right holder and without payment of additional remuneration (unless otherwise provided for in the contract), carry out the following actions: adapt computer programmes or databases; make or commission the making of a copy of a computer programme or database, provided that this copy is intended for archival purposes only and if necessary (if the original computer programme or database is lost, destroyed or rendered unusable). At the same time, a copy of a computer programme or database may not be used for purposes other than those specified above and must be destroyed if further use of that computer programme or database ceases to be lawful.

A person who lawfully owns a copy of a computer programme may decompile it for the purpose of studying the coding and structure of that programme with or without the written consent of the author or other right holder if:

the information obtained as a result of decompiling and necessary for interaction of the computer programme independently developed by this person with other programmes is not available from other sources;

the decompilation is carried out with respect to only those parts of the computer program which are necessary for the organisation of such interaction;

the information obtained as a result of decompilation may not be used for the development, production or distribution of a computer programme substantially similar in its expression to the decompiled computer programme, or for any other action infringing copyright.