Article 28.

Everyone, accused of committing a crime, shall be presumed innocent until proven guilty by a public trial in accordance with the procedure prescribed by law and established by a court verdict that has entered into legal force. The accused person shall be given every opportunity for his or her defense.

All doubts about guilt, if the possibilities of eliminating them are exhausted, shall be resolved in favor of the suspect, accused, defendant or convicted person.

A suspect, accused or convicted person shall not be obliged to prove his or her innocence and may exercise the right to remain silent at any time.

No one shall be obliged to testify against himself or herself or his or her close relatives.

A person may not be convicted or punished, if a confession of guilt is the only evidence against him or her.

The persons deprived of their liberty shall be entitled to humane treatment and respect for the honor and dignity inherent in the human person.

A personʼs criminal record and the legal consequences arising therefrom cannot be grounds for restricting the rights of his or her relatives.