Article 45. Joinder

A suit may be brought jointly by several plaintiffs or against several defendants (joinder). Joinder shall also be permitted in special proceedings.

Joinder shall be permitted if:

Common rights or responsibilities of several plaintiffs or defendants constitute the subject matter of the dispute;

Rights and responsibilities of several plaintiffs or defendants have the same ground;

Homogeneous rights and responsibilities constitute the subject matter of the dispute.

Each of the plaintiffs and defendants acts independently in relation to the other party in the proceedings. Third parties may also be subject to joinder.

Joined parties may entrust one of the joined parties with the case administration.

The court, taking into account the nature of the disputed legal relationship, shall have the right to involve a defendant who has not been involved in the case, on own initiative or at the request of the parties.

When another defendant is involved in a case, the case consideration shall be re-launched.