Article 3724. Violation or Incorrect Application of Procedural Law

A violation or incorrect application of procedural law shall serve as a ground for annulment of the judgment, ruling, or decision only if it resulted or could have resulted in an incorrect resolution of the case.

A judicial act may also be annulled if:

1) the case was heard by an unlawfully composed court or in violation of the rules on jurisdiction;

2) the case was considered in the absence of a person entitled to participate in the court hearing who was not duly notified of the time and place of the hearing;

3) the rules on language of court proceedings were violated during the hearing;

4) the court ruled on rights and obligations of persons not involved in the proceedings;

5) rules on confidentiality of judicial deliberations were violated in the issuance of the judgment, ruling, or decision;

6) the judicial act was signed by a judge (or judges) other than the one(s) who heard and resolved the case;

7) the minutes of the court session were not signed.