Article 20. Prohibition of Repeated Participation of a Judge in the Examination of a Case

A judge who has examined a case in a court of first instance shall not be allowed to re-examine the same case if the decision of the court has been annulled by the appellate, cassation, or supervisory instance court, except in cases involving newly discovered circumstances or reconsideration of a decision adopted in absentia.

A judge who examined a case in a court of first instance may not participate in the examination of the same case in the appellate, cassation, or supervisory instance courts.

A judge who participated in the examination of a case in the appellate instance court may not participate in the examination of the same case in the court of first instance, or in the cassation or supervisory instance courts.

A judge who participated in the examination of a case in the cassation instance court may not participate in the examination of the same case in the court of first instance, or in the appellate or supervisory instance courts.

A judge who participated in the examination of a case in the supervisory instance court may not participate in the examination of the same case in the court of first instance, or in the appellate or cassation instance courts, nor in the re-examination of the case under the supervisory procedure by a higher court.